Ecological consequences of urbanization on a legume–rhizobia mutualism

نویسندگان

چکیده

Mutualisms are key determinants of community assembly and composition, but urbanization can alter the dynamics these interactions associated effects on ecosystem functions. Legume–rhizobia mutualisms a model interaction to evaluate ecological ecosystem-level urbanization, particularly urban-driven eutrophication nitrogen (N) deposition. Here, we evaluated how affected ecology mutualism between white clover Trifolium repens its rhizobial symbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar trifolii along an gradient. We found that abundance rhizobium nodules decreased with urbanization. White acquired N from mixed sources fixation uptake soil for majority gradient, primarily rather than by rhizobia at urban rural limits Importantly, identified as critical nexus changes in clover–rhizobium mutualism. Taken together, our results demonstrate alters consequences legume–rhizobium mutualism, direct indirect landscape ecologically-important mutualistic interaction.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Oikos

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['0717-327X', '0718-4670']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08341